120 minutes
Topic
IP Routing
- Explain route aggregation concepts and techniques.
- Purpose of route aggregation
- Scalability and fault isolation
- How to Aggregate
- Explain the theory and application of network topology abstraction and layering.
- Layers and their purpose
- Core, aggregation, distribution, access
- Purpose of Link State Topology Summarization
- What is the purpose of LS topology summarization (not how it works)
- Use of Link State Topology Summarization
- Where and how to build a flooding domain border
- Explain the impact of fault isolation and resiliency on network design.
- What is the impact of fault isolation on network reliability
- Separating rapid and/or massive changes from the remainder of the network, how to create fault isolation
- What is fate sharing, and what is it's impact
- What is the impact of redundancy on convergence times
- Explain metric based traffic flow and modification.
- How to engineer metrics to modify traffic flow
- "MPLS vs. IGP Traffic Engineering
- Modifying IGP Metrics to Engineer Traffic Flow"
- Understanding Traffic Flow & Metrics
- Third Party Next Hop
- Impact on redistribution design
- Explain fast convergence techniques and mechanisms.
- Layer 2 Down Detection
- For all media types
- Fast hello timers
- OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP
- Fast SPF Timers
- OSPF, IS-IS
- Recursion and Convergence
- Impact of Third Party Next Hop & BGP recursion
- Explain routing protocol operation.
- Neighbor Relationships
- OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP
- Determining Loop Free Paths
- OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP, MPLS Constrained SPF
- General Operation
- OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP; How each protocol operates
- Flooding Domains and Stubs
- OSPF/IS-IS flooding domains, EIGRP stubs
- iBGP Mesh
- Next hop mechanisms in BGP, RR's, etc.
- Select lower operational costs and complexity.
- Route Filters
- Simple vs. complex
- General
- Redistribution
- Simple designs, tags, route filters, etc.
- Explain transport mechanisms and interaction with routing protocols.
- Link Characteristics
- Point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, broadcast, etc.
- RP Implementation on Various Links
- OSPF on each link type
- IS-IS on each link type
- EIGRP considerations for point-to-multipoint
- Topology Characteristics
- Full mesh, partial mesh, ring, etc.
- RP Implementation on Various Topologies
- OSPF/IS-IS flood blocking, etc.
- Explain generic routing and addressing concepts.
- Policy Based Routing
- IPv6 Basics
- Explain multicast routing concepts.
- General Multicast concepts
Tunneling
- Explain how tunneling affects end service applications.
- Identify and select tunneling technologies appropriate to meet network design objectives.
- Identify where and when tunneling parameters must be tuned to optimize the operation of end user applications.
- Knowledge of issues related to Layer 2 tunneling: i.e. packet ordering, MTU, etc.
- What technologies support Layer 2 and Layer 3 tunneling: L2TPv3, GRE, ATOM, IPsec, etc.
- How to implement tunneling given a specific situation: i.e. tunneling Novel IPX over a Layer 3 service provider core, etc.
- Understanding of issues related to tunneling L3(IP) in L2(ATM, MPLS)
- Explain, recognize, and select tunneling techniques appropriate to the size and scale of the network requirements.
- What is the impact of different tunneling technologies on scalability (Selection of a tunneling technology with scalability as a criteria)
- How scalability is affected based on type of tunnels (point-to-point, point-to-multipoint)
- Explain how L3 routing is affected by tunneling technologies and select L3 routing protocols appropriate to implement tunneling and as passenger traffic in tunnels
- How L3 routing is overlaid on a given tunneling technologies
- What L3 Routing Protocol would suit a given tunneling technology, topology and scalability
- Explain, recognize, and select logical and physical topologies required to meet network design requirements.
- What are the best points/nodes in network to initiate and terminate tunnels
- Which model would fulfill the requirements (full mesh, partial mesh, hierarchical)
- Explain, recognize, and select methods for interconnecting tunneling environments across one or more service provider networks.
- Describe different inter-provider tunneling models (i.e. 2547, GRE, IPsec, etc.
- Explain, recognize, and select methods for steering traffic with tunnels and into tunnels.
- Class Based Tunnel Selection
- Traffic Engineering
- Explain, recognize, and select methods for providing network failover and redundancy to meet network availability requirements.
- Restoration vs. Protection (IGP Fast Convergence, FRR)
- Non-stop Forwarding vs. Restoration (at the IP routing layer)
- Explain, recognize, and select methods for interconnecting different types of attachment media on tunnel endpoints. Recognize and explain the differences in mapping different L2 technologies onto an L3 tunneling environment.
- Interworking
- Mapping Layer 2 service onto Layer 3 at the edge
- Explain, recognize, and select methods to manage the size and scale of broadcast domains in tunneled L2VPN environments.
- VPLS scaling issues
- Spanning Tree issues
- Broadcast issues across various topologies
3) QoS
- Measure and interpret different QoS performance metrics.
- Correlate performance metrics to application performance.
- Knowledge of the different QoS performance metrics: one-way delay, round-trip delay, jitter, etc.
- How to measure and interpret QoS performance metrics
- How QoS performance metrics relate to user applications: i.e. impact of QoS metrics on application performance, etc.
- Determine why, where and how to implement traffic classification, traffic conditioning and PHB.
- Explain how DiffServ QoS tools work.
- What DiffServ Terminology means (DS codepoint, Meter, DS ingress/egress node, Remark, DS domain, etc.)
- Where to do Traffic Classification (edge and core of DS Domain)
- What is Traffic Conditioning and where is it applied? (metering, marking, shaping and policing)
- What are traffic profiles and meaning of in/out of profile (Token bucket)
- What is the difference between micro-flow and DS behavior aggregate (PHB)
- What is the impact on non-DS-compliant nodes within a DS domain on SLAs
- What is the issue with MF Classifier and Fragmentation
- What is the issue with re-marking and OoO packets
- What is the purpose of shapers and droppers
- What are different PHB models (e.g. x% minimal resources and proportional remaining link capacity)
- What are issues with Different number/type of PHBs in different part of the network
- What are the benefits of MF classification on edge and DS classification in the core
- Understanding Classification/conditioning/PHB on a per customer basis or few number of templates
- What are ways of DS Field Mapping to PHB: 1->1 or N->1 or both
- What are tools for PHB Queue management and bounding delay, jitter, packet loss (e.g. TS, WRED, WFQ,etc.)
- Understanding QoS provide differentiated services only when there is contention for resources
- Explain operations of RSVP.
- How RSVP Application does CAC and resource reservation
- Explain generic QoS requirements for common application (VoIP, Video, TCP, UDP, control plane traffic).
- Explain QoS requirements for control plane traffic.
- What are generic VoIP Requirements
- What are generic Video Requirements
- What are generic TCP Requirements
- What are generic UDP Requirements
- Understanding of differentiation of control traffic vs data traffic
- Where and how to define marking/conditioning of Control Traffic
- Explain the techniques to avoid Class starvation when multiple classes are used (EF and non-EF).
- How EF with a policer and MDRR/Priority Queue solves the problem
- How minimum BW assignment per class or proportional BW assignment among all classes solves the problem
- What is the impact of applications' traffic within a given queue with same DS or different DS codepoint
- What is the impact of applications' traffic riding on the same node/link in case of failure
- Explain the interaction of IP DSCP with other marking schemes (IP Prec, .1P, MPLS EXP, ATM, Frame Relay).
- Interaction b/w DSCP and other technologies (understanding/issues/concerns)
- Ethernet
- ATM
- Frame Relay
- MPLS
- RPR
- IP Prec
- In case of tunneling layers of marking : Differentiation between tunnel marking and data packet marking
- Explain QoS based routing (PBR).
- Situations where one has to pick one or two of the following to solve a problem (and understanding of the following)
- BGP QoS Propagation
- MTR
- OER
- PBR
- CBTS
Management
- Analyze network conditions and behavior to determine potential degradation or failure conditions.
- Recognize conditions from SHOW output for data plane, control plane, hardware, etc.
- Recognize conditions from DEBUG output for data plane, control plane, hardware, etc.
- Recognize conditions from network behaviors for data plane, control plane, hardware, etc.
- Recognize conditions from external monitoring and reporting systems.
- Explain the operation and advantages of different management access mechanisms.
- How to implement out of band access to all devices in a network
- What should be considered when defining secure access to routers
- Recognize when and where a design will result in failure.
- Explain the operation and use of network management protocols.
- Differences between the versions of SNMP.
- Knowledge of puts, gets, operations (read, write)
- Use of SNMP in SLA management
- Identify when use of CMIP is appropriate
- Identify when use of TMN is appropriate
- Identify network management tools and their uses.
- Recognize tools used for SLA management
- Identify use of Generic On-Line Diagnostics (GOLD)
- Identify and Classify tools for Event Management
- State rules for use of Syslog
- Knowledge of where to place Netflow Collectors
- Identify Services required for flow collection
- Recognize Port number for Netflow
- Identify services required for event correlation
- Identify auditable factors in a network.
- Identify auditable factors in a network
- Explain traffic management concepts and actions based on traffic statistics.
- What is a traffic matrix
- When to upgrade a link or re-route traffic
- Interpretation of historical data to predict future growth and needs
- Recognize configuration management tools and best practices.
- Recognize uses of templating tools
- Identify best practices for configuration management (i.e. logging config changes, auditing "as running" vs "as configured," consistent feature application, etc.)
- Describe role-based configuration access.
Security
- Explain the impact of security availability design in the characteristics of a network.
- OOB Access
- Decoupling
- Paul Baran Model
- Compartmentalization
- Use available tools in a network security design to address identity, monitoring and correlation aspects.
- SNMP
- Netflow
- Syslog
- RMON
- DNS
- Radius/AAA
- Full Packet Classifiers
- Explain the impact of control plane design decisions on the security of a network; implement security mechanisms to protect the control plane.
- Use and impact of addressing.
- Use and impact of area (flooding domain/summary points) placement.
- Route/Topology/Link Hiding
- Adjacency Protection (MD5, GTSM, etc.)
- Route Validation
- Route Filtering
- Routing Plan
- Other routing techniques.
- Explain the impact of data plane design decisions on the security of a network; implement security mechanisms to protect the data plane.
- Infrastructure Protection
- Policy Enforcement (QoS, BCP38)
- Prepare and explain security incident preparation and response strategies in a network.
- Reaction Tools (Identification and Classification)
- Traceback Tools
- Remotely-Triggered Black Holes (RTBH) (destination, source, rate limit, etc.)
- Sink Holes
- Reactive ACLs